Pipelines

Water pipeline.

is employed to transfer water from treatment plants to buildings. Generally, such pipelines are installed underground a few meters beneath the cities and streets based on the frost line of the location and the need for protection against accidental damage. These pipes can be produced from steel, ductile iron, and concrete.

Waste Water Pipeline

They are used to transport wastewater which is composed of a high percentage of water and a small percentage of solid wastes. These pipes can be manufactured from concrete, PVC, cast iron, or clay based on the pressure in the pipe and other conditions. Pipe sizes are controlled by the type of materials and pressure in the pipe.

Petroleum oil Pipeline.

It is manufactured from steel for which external coating and cathodic protection are applied to decline external corrosion. Oil pipelines are joined together by welding. There are two types of oil pipelines, namely: crude oil pipeline - which transports crude oil to refineries, and product pipeline - that carries refined products like gasoline to the market.

Gas Pipeline

Pipelines are the only practical means of transportation of natural gas over land since other methods such as trucks and trains are considerably expensive. Gas collection and transmission lines are made of steel whereas most distribution lines use flexible plastic pipes, which are easy to lay and do not corrode.

Slurry pipeline.

The slurry is a mixture of solid particles and a liquid, usually water. The mining industry and dredging utilize slurry pipelines. It transports oil and natural gas from offshore oil and gas wells to overland pipelines. Barges in less deep water and ships in the sea are used for the installation of submarine pipelines.

Transmission pipeline

It is used to transport crude oil, NGLs, natural gas, and refined products for long distances across countries and continents. Transmission pipeline sizes are mostly greater than 25.4cm (10inch).

Distribution Pipeline.

It is used to transport natural gas to homes and businesses. The size of distribution pipes ranges from 12.7 mm to 152.4 mm.

Collection Pipeline

Collection pipelines carry oil or gas products from the wells in the ground to the oil batteries or natural gas processing center. Their diameter varies from 101 mm to 304 mm.